Method of casting metals.



WESLEY GEOFF NICHOLS, OF CHICAGO HEIGHTS, ILLINQIS.

METHOD or cAsTme METALS.

938,688, No Drawing Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 2, 1909;

Application filed August 21, 1909. Serial No. 514,013.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that. I, WESLEY GROFF NIoHoLs, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and aresident of Chicago Hei hts, in the county of Cook andState of Illinois, have made and invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Methods of Casting Metals, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to an improvement in the method of casting metals,the object sought to be accomplished being to devise a simple andeconomical method whereby the cast or finished article will bematerially strengthened or otherwise rendered more efiicient' for thepurpose or purposes for which it is intended.

In the manufacture of various articles, it has heretofore been thecommon practice to cast the metal around wrought iron cores, rods,'bars,plates, etc., for the purpose of lending strength to the finishedarticle, and in some instances, for the purpose of preventing theseparation of the sections or fragments of the casting after the samehas been broken or fractured. In those instances, however, where theembedded element or insert is of small dimensions, or contains butlittle metal, it has been found diflicult to prevent its being burned orotherwise injured by the molten metal poured around it, or by the hotgases in the mold, and thereby partially and in many instances whollydestroyed. Furthermore, in the burning of the insert, a gas is formed,which becoming trap ed in the cast metal, forms blow-holes, resu ting inan imperfect casting.

The object of my improved method is to so treat the insert prior to themolten metal being'poured around it, thatall danger of its bein burnedis overcome, and the danger of formation of the gas and resultingblow-holes, obviated.

It will be understood that my invention is in no wise limited to themanufacture of castings of any particular form or contour, ordimensions, or to castings made for any particular use or purpose, norto the particular size or form of the metal insert, nor its location inthe casting, as the method hereinafter described is applicableto themanufacture of all articles cast from iron, steel or other metal ormetals, and having wholly or partially embedded therein or applied tothe surface or surfaces thereof, an insert or reinforcing element madefrom iron, steel, or other desired metal.

In practice, I apply to the outer side or surface of the insert anadhesive, preferably an animal, mineral or vegetable oil, that which Ihave used with excellent results be ing common black oil, theinsert'being preferably dipped into the oil, the surplus of the latterbeing allowed to dripor drain 01f. The insert is then covered "or coatedwith a refractory material, or with a heat-insulating or resistingsubstance to act as a barrier or wall to the heatof the molten metalpoured around the insert. This substance or material is preferably usedin the form of a fine powder, and may be one of the elemental mineralsor substances, for example, graphite, or a metallic powder, as powderedalunnnum; or a carbonaceous substance, such for example as :powderedcharcoal, coke breeze, or coal; or an oxid of metal, for example,mineral paint, red .lead, bamlite, chromite, magnesia, lime, limestone,.alu mina, siloxicon; or I may use the silicates of the metals,for example, silica, clay, slag, glass; I have also used the carbonatesof the metals, for example, dolomite, magnesite, white lead; also thecarbids, for example, the carbids of silicon; or a mixture of any two ormore of these substances, for instance, powdered brick, ground ganister,clay, soapstone, sand, ground crucibles, mica schist,

.magnesite, ground slag, asbestos, cement,

kaolin, china, porcelain, glass.

After the insert has been drained of the surplus oil, or otheradhesive,'it is placed in a barrel, box, or other receptacle containingthe powdered insulating substance, and

which for the sake of convenience, I have termed the flour The insert iscovered with the flour, and so manipulated that a complete coating,covering or envelop will adhere thereto in order to provide aneflicientinsulating or heat resisting barrier or wall, it beingessential to thoroughly protect each and every part of the insert orreinforcing member withwhich the molten metal might come in contact.'The insert is then slightly rapped in order to separate the surplusamount of flour, after which it is ready to be inserted into the moldinto which the molten. metal is .to be poured.

While I have above mentioned a number of insulating materials, yet I donot wish it understood that my invention shall be limited thereto, asthe claims are intended to casting one metal into another, consisting ininclude any and all substances which when applied to the insert orreinforcing element as above described, will act as a barrier or wall tothe heat of the molten metal to prevent the burning or destruction ofsaid insert, and thus preserve its integrity for all uses and purposesfor which it is employed.

Having fully described by invention, what I claim as new and desiretosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. The hereinbefore described method of preserving the integrity ofametal to which cast metal is to be attached,.consisting in firstapplying a heat insulating material to the'first mentioned metal, andfinally pouring the molten metal around the same.

2. The hereinbefore described method of permanently casting'one metalinto another, consisting in first applying to the member to be cast in,a heat insulating material to preserve its integrity, and finallypouring the molten metal around said member.

3'. The hereinbefore described method of first applying to the member tobe inserted an adhesive heat insulating material, caused to adherethereto to preserve its integrity,

and finally pouring the molten metal around said member.

4, The hereinbefore described method of casting one metal into another,consisting in first applying to the member to, be inserted an adhesivesubstance, then applying thereto a heat insulating material, and finallyfiguring the molten metal around said mem- 5. The process hereinbeforedescribed,

which consists in first applying to the cast-in member an adhesive,secondly, applying a powdered heat insulating material thereto, andfinally surrounding said 'member with molten metal. 6; The processhereinbefore described, which consists in first coating the cast-inmember with oil, secondly, applying a heat insulating substance theretoin. the .Torm of a dry powder, and finally'casting the metal around saidmember.

7. The herein described method of casting one metal into another, thecast-in metal being small in section, which consists in first applyingto the cast-in member a heat insulating material to preserve itsintegrity, and finally pouring the molten metal around said member.

8. The herein described method of permanently casting one metal intoanother, which consists in first coating the cast-in member.with oil,secondly, applying'powdered silica thereto, and finally, casting themetal around said member.

Signed at Chicago Heights, in the county of Cook, and State of Illinois,this 18th day of August, A. D. 1909.

WESLEY GROFF NICHOLS. Witnesses:

Gno. FRANCIS Wonrr, RUSSELL WHITMAN.

